Composites have been sharply improved after Condensation
reactions in 1930’s. Therefore, composite is highly radical in addition to
adobe. During World War 2, the first plastic composite samples had been used
for the purpose of military. After 1946, composite have become a commercial
product all around the World. Hence, it
is still a new material. Since the first applications, lots of innovations had
been done both on reinforcement materials, as well as matrix materials.
The new high performance value composite materials have been produced by applying new combinations. Composite materials have a huge potential
since they can be used in infinitely many area of utilization. In composite
materials, the matrix resin properties, types of reinforcement materials and
configuration of installation, the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties
can be extremely oxidized. Therefore, composite materials have conventional use
compare to other nonnuclear manufacturing materials.
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Namely, when manufacturing
process is conducted with nonnuclear materials, the only crucial thing is to
mold the material. However, in manufacturing process of composite materials,
both giving shape and manufacturing the products occur at the same time. Thus,
composite materials have become a critical competitor to nonnuclear engineering
materials. Nowadays, the percentage of consuming composite materials per
percent has become a criterion of level of improvement in worldwide. According
to statistics, the annual increase rate of composite usage in worldwide is %3,
however; It is gladsome to have the annual increase rate of %12in Turkey. In
the case of holding this enhancement, Turkey is going to reach to the rate of
advanced countries in near future.
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The eligible properties of composite materials
bring about some deficiencies compare to nonnuclear materials. The reason for
this is obvious since the all psychical and chemical properties of nonnuclear
materials are well identified. However, due to diversity of composite
materials, some characteristics of composites unfortunately cannot be described
and measured. This makes composite materials formative. Furthermore, another
deficiency of composite materials is standardization. Although nonnuclear
materials acquire a standard value in terms of their all qualifications,
composite materials haven’t attained any standard qualification yet.
Commencement of applying composites in Turkey has started with polyester water
tanks and hoods of cars, especially “Anadol” branded cars that were made in
Turkey. Firstly, these composite materials had been used in elementary level
until automation methods had found which took a lot of time to seize. The first
reason for this to have a cheap labor force in Turkey and the second one is to
invest a great quantity of money to machines and molds of composite materials.
Mass production in Turkey had initialized after having need of mass production,
increasing value of labor force and expectations of more aesthetic products in
market. However, there are a few numbers of qualified staff in the sense of
composite materials. Companies educate their personal according to crucial
needs of their company policies with basic knowledge. Unfortunately, these
educations do not base upon a scientific foundation. Therefore, it cannot be said
that these workers are so well educated in terms of composite materials. In
such a case, companies should attach importance to provide well educated upper
level staffs that have an education, which is based on scientific foundation,
about producing and applying composites.
As a matter of fact that, Gebze High
Technology Institute gives lectures on GRP Composite Materials in Sabancı
University. In addition to this, lectures on Composite Materials has been
started to given in other universities either. Besides, it is a great
improvement on this issue that a lot of thesis, post graduate and PhD thesis
have been writing up about composites. By the notion of “Composite
Engineering”, composites can be investigated at all points in terms of
retrieving standardization, being ascertainable in all experiments and
analyzing these experiment's results to achieve pioneer enhancements on usage
and production of composite materials.
